In it's most basic form, quilting consists of three layers, a fabric on top and bottom with a batting layer in the middle. This "sandwich" is then stitched or tied through all three layers to keep them from shifting. Beyond this basic three layer concept, quilting varies widely in technique, and most quilters prefer one technique over another. Here is a brief summary of some of the different methods.

The most simple variation is to use a pre-printed panel or fabrics with decorative designs. The designs are outlined with stitching which creates contours and gives the illusion of dimension. This application can be used for crib quilts or small projects such as placemats.

Traditional quilting consists of joining pieces of fabric together either by piecing or applique and then stitching designs onto the quilt either by machine or by hand. A more simple variation is to tie the layers together using yarn, embroidery floss or even thin 1/16" ribbon as I did in a log cabin that I made almost ten years ago. Pieced quilts can be made in several ways - geometric shapes can be joined to create patterns such as flying geese or the ohio star (and many, many more) or random shapes can be joined and then embellished to create a crazy quilt. Also, blocks can be pieced on a foundation to create more intricate images than is possible with the piecing method mentioned above. Applique is done by sewing pieces of fabric onto a larger piece to create a design.

The techniques that follow are not as common as the ones mentioned above but still qualify as quilting. Trapunto involves selective stuffing of certain areas after the quilt has been stitched. This produces a lovely dimensional design.

Sashiko originated in Japan in the 18th century and traditionally consisted of quilting with a thick white thread on an indigo background. For more information and patterns, see this site.

I hope this brief description of different quilting techniques inspires you to try something new.

Suggested Reading:

The Quilter's Ultimate Visual Guide: From A to Z - Hundreds of Tips and Techniques for Successful Quiltmaking.

Quiltmaking For Beginners : A Stitch-By-Stitch Guide to Hand and Machine Techniques