Guest Author - Nikki Phipps

Star-of-Bethlehem comes from the genus Ornithogalum and consists of over 150 species. The name of this genus means ‘bird’s milk,’ most likely in reference to its white blooms. The oval-shaped bulbs are often mistaken for wild onions and were once eaten in ancient times both raw and cooked; however, this isn’t a normal practice today. This pretty perennial is a close relative of wild garlic but without the smell. There are a variety of species, with all emitting pleasant aromas and opening in the morning hours and closing by noon or midday. Their natural habitats are predominantly on the continents of Africa, Asia, and Europe.

Star-of-Bethlehem (O. umbellatum) is native to the Mediterranean region and is naturalized throughout North America. This spring-blooming species prefers full sun and will tolerate poor, sandy soil; however, well-drained soil is always more suitable. The bulbs should be planted in the fall. The white with green-centered blooms will only open when there is enough light present; otherwise, they will stay closed. Use this species as edging in beds and borders or for naturalizing meadow gardens. Nodding Star of Bethlehem (O. nutans) is native to Asia. This species is an amazing fragrant, spring bloomer with green and white bicolor clusters of nodding, star-shape flowers. Bulbs should be planted in the fall in well-drained, humus-rich soil approximately 2-3 inches deep. This plant prefers a woodland environment and is well suited for naturalizing or massed in rock gardens. Locate them in sun or shade.

(O. arabicum) is another Mediterranean native with grass-like foliage. The white, star-shaped blooms have black-beaded centers. This species reaches up to 2 feet, blooming in summer, and looks at home planted in drifts throughout rock gardens or as accents in beds and borders. The bulbs can be planted in spring or fall. A South African native, Chincherinchee (O. thyrsoides) shows its white, star-shaped flowers in late spring. Its African name means ‘sound’ and refers to the noise-making properties of its seed pods when dried. This species reaches a height of about 18 inches and prefers to be situated in sites with full sun. Bulbs are normally planted about 2-3 inches in the ground during autumn.

Star-of-Bethlehem reproduces by seeds and offsets and can sometimes be aggressive in the garden. If Star-of-Bethlehem invades the lawn, control its spread by mowing the flowers before the seeds mature. The dormant bulbs are very hardy. Division of offsets can be done in September/October. The bulbs can then be replanted elsewhere. Most species of Star-of-Bethlehem are trouble-free plants, growing in any soil and naturalizing quite easily. All species of this plant are suitable for cutting. There are few, if any, pest or disease problems associated with Star-of-Bethlehem species.