When the Celts ruled in Ireland, the goddess, Brigit, was celebrated on February 1 or 2 in a tradition known as Imbolc. After St. Patrick, the goddess’s celebration was transferred to St. Brigid. There are several spellings and pronunciations of the name. I can remember one Tyrone man insisting to a Dublin woman that her Irish name, Brideen, was correctly pronounced bree-djeen, and that was that! Poor Brideen didn’t quite know what to make of this, but that’s Ireland. For such a small country, there are many dialects and accents, and each one is absolutely right to the person speaking them.
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There are many stories about St. Brigid’s life. When the Celts ruled, the people believed in gods and goddesses. The most powerful of the goddesses was Brigid, and she was a true champion of the people. She was the mother goddess of the Tuatha De Dannan and the sun. She was the daughter of the “Good God,” Daghda, the patroness of poets, and her feast day was the first of February. This day was one of the most important feasts in the Celtic year. It was the first day of spring, and Brigit was the goddess who breathed life back into the world after the death of winter.
When St. Patrick arrived in Ireland in the 5th century, the Celts turned to one God, but Brigid was much loved. To keep her in the “family,” she was named one of the three patron saints of Ireland. There are many stories about Brigit the goddess, but Brigid, the saint, soon had even a better set of legends. One belief was that as an infant, her mother left her alone and the neighbors saw flames rising from the house. They rushed in to save the babe, and found it was just the sun, shining so brightly around Brigid that it looked as if the house was ablaze.
Another story tells that St. Brigid and St. Brendan were talking, she took off her cloak and hung it on a sunbeam. When St. Brendan tried the same, his cloak fell to the ground.
The goddess Brigit was known for her generosity and her ability to coax milk from any cow, even one just milked and dry. St. Brigid was very concerned with the poor and hungry, and could call upon her cows to supply milk and her hens to lay eggs three times a day to provide for the hungry.
St. Brigid is the patron saint of young farm animals and there are many customs associated with devotion to her. The St. Brigid’s cross, woven from blessed palm (from Palm Sunday), rushes, or even paper, is hung with pride in nearly every Irish home and placed in dairys to protect the young calves. Another custom is that a piece of cloth was left outside on her feast day with the belief that she would touch it. This cloth is called St. Brigid’s mantle and is kept in the house for the following year. People believe that it will protect their livestock.
There’s another legend about St. Brigid that explains the love of the St. Brigid’s Cross. She was visiting a dying chieftain and the floor of the room was covered in rushes. She picked up a handful of these and began to weave a cross. When the chieftain asked what she was up to, she replied, “I am making a cross, for it was on a cross of wood that the Son of God died to save his people.”
In the countryside, there is a custom that on the eve of St. Brigid’s feast (February 1), the young girls dress up and go from house to house singing and dancing. They’re given eggs and money. The girl leading the group dresses as the saint and carries a wooden doll, a “brideog” or “little Brigid.” This doll is called a “biddy” and that night there is a dance called a “Biddy Ball.”
History tells that St. Brigid was born in Co. Louth in 451 A.D. and died in 525 A.D. (Did you think this was all just legend? Nay, there was a real woman, Brigid, and she is the saint.) Her father, Dufach, was a pagan chief and her mother, Brocessa, a Christian. This was not a love match. Her mother was his slave, and not his wife. Young Brigid was property.
St. Brigid’s love of the poor was often a source of trouble for her. She gave away milk and eggs and once, even her father’s sword! She had many offers of marriage, but refused them all. When once she was convinced to marry, her beauty failed her before the wedding, and the day was called off! She returned to her normal handsome self only after her father allowed her to become a nun. The Bishop Mel of Ardagh gave her and seven of her friends the vows and veils of her order. She was made a bishop (unheard of today, eh?) and founded many convents.
St. Brigid was a strong, smart woman and is honored even today, as was the goddess Brigit before her. The St. Brigid’s Cross is a symbol of peace today, as St. Brigid was a peace monger in her day and completely against war and strife, working to feed the poor and spread the Gospels.
Yes, every special day seems to have an associated food. In addition to St. Brigid’s Oat Cakes, Boxty is a natural, as the end of winter in rural Ireland would leave few ingredients in the kitchen. The lack of variety in the diet would have been overcome by the ingenuity and labor that took a few simple ingredients and turned them into a feast fit for a generous saint or a benevolent goddess. For more St. Brigid's Day recipes, look to Festive Food of Ireland
A St. Brigid's Cross on a delicate chain commemorates this early Irish saint. There is a very finely made example at Irish Celtic Jewels.
Finally, if you'd like to learn more about this lovable saint, is a perfect book for readers both young and young at heart.
