Five years past the events of 9/11 we are not hearing many questions asked about the health effects on children caught in the neighborhoods affected by the collapse of the twin trade towers. Clouds of dust and pollutants spread farther than the immediate area around the devastation, and must have been a problem to clean up in many neighborhoods where the dust was not analyzed or treated like a hazardous substance.

Schools were evacuated and closed or locked down that day throughout the region. Many families kept their televisions and radios on for days. The psychological toll is still felt by adults who were thousands of miles away, but we may forget that very young children and adolescents also witnessed the news stories, as well as the sorrow and fear of grownups caring for them. This must have been more intense for children living near the sites of the plane crashes, especially those who lost loved ones, neighbors or mentors.

In Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, safety is in the foundation. Children need hope in the future, and reassurances that life will return to a definite normalcy no matter how frightening and uncertain it may seem during times of crisis. They need an interested listener long after adults believe they have put a frightening event behind them.

We need to be tough as well as compassionate, and accept that our own need for a sense of control and normalcy might cause us to give unhelpful messages to those who need role models who admit to needing help to get through traumatic periods.

All children have special needs for comforting and support during traumatic events. Children with disabilities, or existing chronic health conditions, may have been more vulnerable than their mainstream peers to the physical and emotional damage of the events happening in New York, at the Pentagon, and crash sites.

Many children who might otherwise have grown up without physical or emotional health problems may develop difficulties, if they have not already shown symptoms, even though problems seemed to subside after the initial period of shock, grief, constant news coverage and pollution.

Children's health issues must be a priority for those who analyze the effects of 9/11 and other terrible events. While we are building crisis response teams and creating disaster preparedness plans, we must keep in mind that a large population of children depends on us to plan for them.

Children with disabilities are overlooked along with their mainstream peers in most local, regional and national discussions. They need to be considered in planning, in emergency response, and long term follow-up. They are not little adults, and often lack the developmental sophistication they imitate from movies and tv. If we acknowledged the needs of children in disaster preparedness and emergency response, we would probably do much better with adult populations.

Airline Travel for Children with Special Needs
http://www.bellaonline.com/articles/art45142.asp
Carry On Luggage Rules for Flights Today
http://www.bellaonline.com/articles/art45183.asp

Us and Them - by Mayer Shevin
http://shevin.org/articles-usthem.html

NFPA Emergency Evacuation Planning Guide for People with Disabilities
http://www.nfpa.org/evacuationguide
The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) developed this free guide as a resource for creating an all-inclusive evacuation plan that considers everyone’s needs for evacuation, including the needs of people with disabilities.
Please share this with local mayors, fire and police chiefs, and school district directors.

UCLA School Mental Health Project
Center for Mental Health in Schools
Crisis Prevention and Response -Resources and Information Links
http://smhp.psych.ucla.edu/qf/p2107_01.htm

The Whole Child - Development and Education for the Early Years
Early Childhood Settings and Approaches
DVD, Book, and Caregiver's Guide
These resources include chapters on how parents, teachers and other caregivers can help young children cope with violence, terrorism, natural disasters and other unsettling events.

New York Health Officials Issue Guide to 9/11 Illnesses
http://www.nytimes.com/2006/09/01/nyregion/01health.html?_r=1&oref=slogin

NY Kids May Carry 9/11 Mental Scars as Adults 2002
http://www.911ea.org/News_Stories_From_August_2002

WebMD 9/11 Lingers in Mind and Body 2003 Health and psychological effects of 9/11 are still emerging and far-reaching
http://www.webmd.com/content/article/73/88882.htm

Panel Confronts Post 9/11 Health Issues, 2005

Emergency Preparedness for People with Disabilities in New York 2004
www.jik.com/Disaster-lessons-CIDNYWTCpaper.doc

Lessons Learned from the World Trade Center Disaster Emergency Preparedness for People with Disabilities

The Children’s Health Fund
http://www.childrenshealthfund.org

Soothing Children

Counseling Children after Disasters



National PTA - Disaster Relief Information Center

Washington PTA - Crisis and Relief Information
http://www.wastatepta.org/resources/